THE NEST: Lakȟól’iyapi Wahóȟpi Wičhákini Owáyawa & Kampus kids learning center
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January 2014

The Basics
In our first week back from Winter vacation we focused on reviewing the basics as well as "post-positions". This provides us with a great opportunity to review the basics but also to learn a new part of the Lakota grammar!
Picture
Download and print the files that contain basic vocabulary terms to review.
Basic Flashcards with Pictures
Animals & Verbs
File Size: 1658 kb
File Type: pdf
Download File

Shapes & Colors
File Size: 38 kb
File Type: pdf
Download File

Weather
File Size: 280 kb
File Type: pdf
Download File

Food
File Size: 872 kb
File Type: pdf
Download File

Everyday Objects
File Size: 673 kb
File Type: pdf
Download File

English Prepositions vs Lakota Postpositions
English Prepositions
Prepositions links words together within sentences and usually indicate the temporal or spatial relationship of its object to the rest of the sentence. The object is the word/phrase that the preposition introduces. Look at the follow examples of prepositions that locate the object (the book) in time and space:
  • The book is on the table.
  • The book is beneath the table.
  • The book is leaning against the table.
  • The book is beside the table.
  • She held the book over the table.
  • She read the book during class.


Lakota Word Order Review
As we know, Lakota word order is different from English so we can expect Lakota sentences to differ from the English ones above.. Look at the excerpt from a past handout which quickly recaps Lakota word order:
Lakota word order is different from English. Lakota word order is SOV (Subject Object Verb) while English is SVO (Subject Verb Object). This is the fancy way of say that Lakota's verb goes at the end of the sentence. Compare the following sentences:

- Wičhíŋčala kiŋ šiná yámni yuhá.  -  The girl has three shawls.

Notice that even the words "the girl" and "three shawls are worded differently: "girl the / wičhíŋčala kiŋ" and "shawls three / šiná yámni".
Picture
Lakota Postpositions
As you may expect, Lakota does not have prepositions but POSTpositions, meaning that the word comes after the noun.
Look at the following comparison:
  • Wówapi kiŋ wáglutapi kiŋ akáŋl yaŋké.  -  The book is sitting on the table.
Picture
Practice at Home
Try making simple sentences about the objects that are around you!
Also, check out the LakotaDictionary.org section devoted to the use of Lakota Post-Positions. View the page to see many more examples of Lakota Post-Positions as you can even post your own sentences there.
Examples/Patterns
Make your own sentences using the verb yaŋkÁ (to sit), the five simple postpositions below (there are many more!) and the nouns to the left:
  • akáŋl  -  on
  • oȟláthe  -  under
  • isákhib  -  beside
  • itȟókab  -  in front of
  • ihákab  -  behind

wáglutapi  -  table
wičhítenaškaŋškaŋ  -  television
wówapi  -  book
wíčazo  -  pencil
wóžuha  -  bag
oákaŋke  -  chair
šiyútakaŋ  -  laptop
akáŋwowapi  -  desk
wíyatke  -  cup
oyúŋke  -  bed
Here are some examples:
  • Wówapi kiŋ wáglutapi kiŋ akáŋl yaŋké.   -   The book is sitting on the table.
  • Wóžuha kiŋ oyúŋke kiŋ oȟláthe yaŋké.    -   The bag is sitting under the bed.
  • Šiyútakaŋ kiŋ akáŋwowapi kiŋ isákhib yaŋké.   -   The laptop is sitting beside the desk.
  • Wíčazo kiŋ oákaŋke kiŋ itȟókab yaŋké.   -   The pencil is sitting in front of the chair.
  • Wíyatke kiŋ wóžuha kiŋ ihákab yaŋké.   -   The cup is sitting behind the bag.

Extra Practice
Write sentences using the following pictures of animals. You can repeat some of the more common postpositions (i.e. beside or on).

If you’re having trouble with the postposition sentences, try just writing about what the animals are doing. For Example:
  • Šúŋka nážiŋ.  -  The dog is standing.


Picture
Vocabulary
  • šiyútakaŋ  -  laptop
  • wičhítegleǧa  -  raccoon
  • nážiŋ  -  to stand
  • akáŋl  -  on
Sentences to write:
  • The raccoon is standing.
  • The raccoon is standing on the laptop.


Picture
Vocabulary
  • khéya  -  turtle
  • maštíŋčala  -  rabbit
  • nážiŋ  -  to stand
  • yaŋké  -  to sit
  • isákhib  -  beside
Some sentences to write without postpositions:
  • The turtle is sitting/standing.
  • The rabbit is standing.
Some sentences to write with post positions:
  • The turtle is sitting next to the rabbit.
  • The rabbit is sitting next to the turtle.


Picture
Vocabulary
  • tȟáȟčašuŋkala  -  sheep
  • matȟóska  -  polar bear
  • yaŋké  -  to sit
  • nážiŋ  -  to stand
  • isákhib  -  beside

Sentences to write:
  • The polar bear is sitting.
  • The sheep is standing.
  • The polar bear is sitting by the sheep.
  • The sheep is sitting by the polar bear.


Picture
Vocabulary
  • šúŋka  -  dog
  • siínakhiŋte  -  rug
  • háŋpa  -  shoe
  • wágnawowapi  -  table
  • yaŋké  -  to sit
  • nážiŋ  -  to stand
  • isákhib  -  beside
  • oȟláthe  -  under/underneath

Sentences to write:
  • The dog is sitting.
  • The dog is sitting on the rug/next to the table/in front of the shoe/etc..
  • The rug is sitting below the dog.
  • The shoe is sitting behind the dog.


Picture
Vocabulary
  • uŋkčéǧila tȟáŋka  -  dinosaur
  • hoǧáŋ  -  fish
  • íŋyaŋ  -  rock
  • watȟó  -  plant
  • nuŋwé  -  to swim
  • nážiŋ  -  to stand
  • waŋkáb  -  above
  • isákhib  -  beside

Sentences to write:
  • The fish is swimming beside the dinosaur.
  • The dinosaur is standing next to the fish.
  • The fish is swimming above the rock.


Post by Lakȟól’iyapi Hoȟpí (Lakota Language Nest).
Postpositions in the Nest
Check out the children using postpositions with Lála Tom!

Test yourself and see which ones you can recognize!

New Science Center
A message from the teachers:
"The Lakota Language Nest is fortunate to be a part of Sitting Bull College. This partnership enables the children in the nest to have an amazing science center. Our future Lakota scientists in action."

Here are some Science related vocabulary:
  • makȟógmigma - globe
  • mas'íwaŋyake - field glasses, microscope
  • ablézA - to discover, realize, observe smth


Flashcards
Visit the Lakȟól’iyapi Wahóȟpi Quizlet Flashcard page to view flashcard sets for all weeks.

On the Quizlet page there are many different features available:
  • Learn
  • Spell
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  • About Us
    • 2021-2022 School Year >
      • 2021 Waníyetu Wópazo
      • 2021 ANA Community Share Out
      • 2021-22 Staff
      • 2022 Spring Parent Training >
        • 2-9-22 Spring Parent Orientation
        • Group 1 >
          • 3-10-2022 Group 1 Parent Training
        • Group 2
      • 2021-2022 Parent Portal
    • Get Involved
    • In the News
    • Policies
    • Donate
  • Programs
    • 2020-2021 School Year >
      • 2020-2021 Staff
      • 2020 Waníyetu Wópazo
      • 2020-2021 Parent Training >
        • 1-27-21 Zoom Class Materials
        • 2-4-21 Assignment
        • 2-18-21 Assignment
        • 3-4-21 Assignment
      • 2020 Wétu Wópazo
    • 2019-2020 School Year >
      • 2019-2020 Staff
    • 2017-2018 School Year
    • 2016-2017 School Year >
      • Indigenous Perspectives of Foods
    • Past School Years >
      • 2015-2016 School Year >
        • New Family Classes
        • Returning Family Classes
        • Spring Open House
        • Fall 2015 Applications
      • 2014-2015 School Year >
        • Spring 2015 Raffle
        • 2015 Spring Carnival
      • 2013-2014 School Year >
        • Fall Parent Handouts [PDFs] >
          • FALL 2013 Week 10 Pumpkin & Squash
          • FALL 2013 Week 11 & 12 Birds and Hibernation
          • FALL 2013 Week 13 & 14 Hibernation and Harvest
          • FALL 2013 Week 15 & 16 Story Telling & Snow
          • FALL 2013 Week 17 Sitting Bull and Chiefs
        • Spring Parent Handouts [PDFs] >
          • SPRING 2014 January
          • SPRING 2014 February
          • SPRING 2014 March
      • 2012-2013 SCHOOL YEAR
  • Learning Resources
    • Basic Phrases [w/Audio]
    • Grace Video
    • Language Research
    • Classroom Rules & Meal Prayer
    • Songs From The Nest
    • Lakota Book Translations
  • Contact